This is echoed in the modern preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. According to Jewish rabbinic literature, the first man Adam represents the unity of mankind. Rabbi Akiva agreed, while Simeon ben Azzai suggested that the principle of love must have its foundation in Genesis chapter 1, which teaches that all men are the offspring of Adam, who was made in the image of God. Hillel recognized brotherly love as the fundamental principle of Jewish ethics. 300 BCE–200 CE) expressed a hierarchical variation of the Golden Rule in his Letter 47, an essay regarding the treatment of slaves: "Treat your inferior as you would wish your superior to treat you." Religious context 4 BCE–65 CE), a practitioner of Stoicism ( c. 300 BCE–1000 CE) were an early source for the Golden Rule: "That nature alone is good which refrains from doing to another whatsoever is not good for itself." Dadisten-I-dinik, 94,5, and "Whatever is disagreeable to yourself do not do unto others." Shayast-na-Shayast 13:29 Ancient Rome "Do not do to others that which angers you when they do it to you." – Isocrates (436–338 BCE)."may I be of a sound mind, and do to others as I would that they should do to me." - Plato ( c.The oldest extant reference to Sextus is by Origen in the third century of the common era. "What you do not want to happen to you, do not do it yourself either."Avoid doing what you would blame others for doing." – Thales ( c.The Golden Rule in its prohibitive (negative) form was a common principle in ancient Greek philosophy. According to him, the proper punishment to those who have done evil is to put them to shame by showing them kindness, in return and to forget both the evil and the good done on both sides (verse 314). Anything else is succumbing to desire.įurthermore, in verse 312, Valluvar says that it is the determination or code of the spotless (virtuous) not to do evil, even in return, to those who have cherished enmity and done them evil. One should never do something to others that one would regard as an injury to one's own self. In Mahābhārata, the ancient epic of India, there is a discourse in which sage Brihaspati tells the king Yudhishthira the following about dharma, a philosophical understanding of values and actions that lend good order to life: 664–323 BCE) papyrus contains an early negative affirmation of the Golden Rule: "That which you hate to be done to you, do not do to another." Ancient India Sanskrit tradition 2040–1650 BCE): "Now this is the command: Do to the doer to make him do." This proverb embodies the do ut des principle. Possibly the earliest affirmation of the maxim of reciprocity, reflecting the ancient Egyptian goddess Ma'at, appears in the story of " The Eloquent Peasant", which dates to the Middle Kingdom ( c. The term "Golden Rule", or "Golden law", began to be used widely in the early 17th century in Britain by Anglican theologians and preachers the earliest known usage is that of Anglicans Charles Gibbon and Thomas Jackson in 1604. Simon Blackburn also states that the Golden Rule can be "found in some form in almost every ethical tradition". Epstein, it is "a concept that essentially no religion misses entirely", but belief in God is not necessary to endorse it. As part of the 1993 " Declaration Toward a Global Ethic", 143 leaders of the world's major faiths endorsed the Golden Rule. The idea dates at least to the early Confucian times (551–479 BCE), according to Rushworth Kidder, who identifies the concept appearing prominently in Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Taoism, Zoroastrianism, and "the rest of the world's major religions". What you wish upon others, you wish upon yourself (empathetic or responsive form).Do not treat others in ways that you would not like to be treated (negative or prohibitive form).Treat others as you would like others to treat you (positive or directive form).The maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct: It can be considered an ethic of reciprocity in some religions, although different religions treat it differently. Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages. The Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one wants to be treated. "Golden Rule Sign" that hung above the door of the employees' entrance to the Acme Sucker Rod Factory in Toledo, Ohio, 1913.
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